一、課程的性質(zhì)和設(shè)置目的

    本課程的名稱為“英語（二）”，它是高等教育自學(xué)考試各專業(yè)（英語專業(yè)除外）本科階段的公共基礎(chǔ)課，適用于完成了中學(xué)階段英語課程的自考者。由于“英語（二）”包含“英語（一）”的內(nèi)容，故“英語（二）”也適用于通過了“英語（一）”考試并愿意繼續(xù)提高的自考者。

本課程的目的是使學(xué)習(xí)者能比較熟練地掌握英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和語言技能，做到具有較好的閱讀能力、一定的英譯漢能力和初步的聽、說、寫及譯的能力，為獲取專業(yè)所需要的信息及進(jìn)一步提高英語水平打下扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。本課程共14學(xué)分。

二、教材及參考書目

1．必讀書目

《大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程》（上、下冊(cè)）（全國高等教育自學(xué)考試指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)辦公室組編），高遠(yuǎn)主編，高等教育出版社，1998

2．推薦參考書目

    《英語語法手冊(cè)》（修訂第四版），薄冰，趙德想主編，高等教育出版社，1994

    《實(shí)用英語語法》（修訂重印本），張道真編著，外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1995

    《新英漢詞典》（增補(bǔ)本），上海譯文出版社，1985

《朗文現(xiàn)代英漢雙解詞典》，現(xiàn)代出版社，1988

三、近幾年出題趨勢(shì)的大致分析

考試大綱根據(jù)英語（二）的要求和自學(xué)考試的特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了七種題型：詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)、完形填空、閱讀理解、單詞拼寫、詞形變化、漢譯英、英譯漢。 試題構(gòu)成請(qǐng)看下表：

四、試題舉例（相關(guān)免費(fèi)視頻講解請(qǐng)?jiān)L問zk.edu-edu.com.cn）

I. Vocabulary and Structure

1.All the money________,Frederick started looking for work(2006年4月）

A.having spent

B.Has been spent

C.Having been spent

D.Had been spent

考察分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，表被動(dòng)

2._______his talk when Mary ran out of the lecture hall.（2006年4月）

A.Hardly had he begun

B.Hardly he had begun

C.Hardly he has begun

D.He hardly had begun

搭配，hardly when:一……就……；倒裝

II. Cloze

However careful one may be, he cannot possibly listen carefully to everything that he hears. There are 11 of reasons for this. One of them is the overload of messages most of us 12 each day. In addition to the numerous hours we 13 hearing other people speak, we may spend several hours listening to the radio or sitting in front of a television set. 14, it is impossible to focus our attention completely on what is said; our mind might be 15 elsewhere. Preoccupation with our personal concerns is 16 reason we don’t always listen carefully. A romance 17 sour or a good grade on a test may take prominence in our mind even as 18 is speaking to us. Furthermore, we are surrounded by all kinds of noises which interfere 19 listening. For example, voices at a party or 20 of traffic may simply make it difficult for us to catch everything that is being said. （2006年4月）

11. A. the number  B. a number   C. number    D. numbers

12. A. accept   B. obtain   C. receive   D. possess

13. A. put   B. consume   C. spend   D. spare

14. A. Besides   B. Whereas    C. Otherwise   D. Nevertheless

15. A. wondering   B. swinging   C. recycling   D. wandering

16. A. other   B. some   C. the other    D. another

17. A. gone   B. going   C. goes    D. went

18. A. anyone   B. everyone   C. someone   D. few

19. A. to   B. with   C. of   D. about

20. A. sound   B. noise  C. voice   D. scream

本短文大部分考查詞匯和搭配；11題考查詞匯，a number of和the number of的區(qū)別，前者+復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，表示許多；后者+單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，表示…的數(shù)目；12題詞語搭配，receive the message，receive是客觀上收到，而accept是主觀上接受；13題考詞匯，spend some time doing sth. 14題考查詞義辨析，Whereas：然而，但是；Otherwise：另外，否則Nevertheless：然而，仍然；15題考查詞義辨析，wondering：驚訝；swinging：搖擺，擺動(dòng)；recycling：使再循環(huán)；16題搭配，one…the other指兩個(gè)人或物構(gòu)成的一組中的個(gè)體；one…another 指同一組內(nèi)的兩個(gè)個(gè)體；17題考語法點(diǎn)，分詞作定語；18題，上下文邏輯；19題詞語搭配，interfere with干涉，干擾；20題考查詞匯題，sound泛指任何聲音，不論其高低、是否悅耳等；noise表示“噪音、喧鬧”，指的是人們不愿聽到的聲音或嘈雜聲；voice用于人時(shí)，指說話、歌唱或發(fā)笑的聲音，也可指發(fā)言權(quán)。用于其它方面時(shí)，常含悅耳之聲，如鳥鳴聲，樂器聲音等

III. Reading Comprehension

Many of today’s most trusted sales techniques were invented over a century ago by a young merchant named Eaton in Toronto. When he was young, Eaton worked briefly with his brothers in small-town stores. In 1869, he set up his own shop in downtown Toronto. He had many competitors, but he was also ambitious and had a plan for success. He offered a unique style of trade, but as was expected, all the other shopkeepers laughed at him, believing he would eventually fail. However, Eaton was not a man to be easily defeated; he came up with a brand new notion of business ？ “Goods satisfactory, or money refunded.” He sold all his goods at fixed prices and only for cash.

With a sharp sense of what the public wanted, he went out of the way to meet their needs. His business grew rapidly. He set up new branches and started mail order service that allowed people to buy from a list of his goods.

Eaton’s list—advertisements of his day—was the first of its kind. It was distributed and read all over the country. It was the only way to access good-quality goods at reasonable prices for people living far away from big cites. It became part of their life. They even called it The Wishing Book. The secret of the list’s success was that Eaton gained the respect of this customers; they trusted him for good prices and quality goods. Probably because he remembered his miserable early days in Ireland, Eaton thought much of the welfare of his employees: better working conditions, shorter weekday hours than his competitors and Saturday afternoons off in the summer. In all this, he was a leader. （2006年4月）

1. The best description of Eaton is that ______.

A. he was the richest merchant in Toronto

B. he was a successful technical inventor

C. he introduced new sales practices

D. he changed people’s ideas about businessmen

答案在第一段第一句；sales techniques were invented，這是主旨句，全文都圍繞它進(jìn)行

2. Eaton’s success lay primarily in that ____.

A. he sold only good quality goods

B. he was the first person to provide good service

C. he treated his employees better than any of his competitors

D. he won respect from his customers

細(xì)節(jié)題，原文中可以找到答案，在第三段：The secret of the list’s success was…

3. From the passage we can infer that ______.

A. Eaton invented the idea of the internet shopping

B. Eaton drove other businessmen to failure

C. Eaton never sold his goods on credit

D. Eaton was defeated by his rivals

推斷題，可以從第一段的最后一句中推出

4. The best title for this passage is _____.

A. Good Goods, of Money Refunded

B. Eaton, a Sales Inventor

C. Customers’ Respect, a Secret of Success

D. Eaton’s list, a Welcome Event in Sales History

全文主旨，第一句也可以看出

5. Eaton’s List was important to people on farms because it was a convenient way of getting _____.

A. good-quality goods at reasonable prices

B. goods at unreasonable prices

C. good-quality goods at unreasonable prices

D. poor-quality goods at reasonable prices

細(xì)節(jié)題，答案在第三段第三句：It was the only way to access good-quality goods…

IV. Word Spelling

1. 獲勝者，優(yōu)勝者 n. w_ _ _ _ _ winner

2. （使）枯萎，凋謝 v. w_ _ _ _ _ wither

V. Word Form

1. If I hadn’t listened to you, I would _______ (make) such a silly mistake.（2006年4月）

have made，考查虛擬語氣，對(duì)過去的虛擬

VI. Translation from Chinese into English

1.除了英語，他們還要學(xué)一門第二外語。（2004年4月）

In addition to /Besides English,they have to learn a second foreign language.

In addition to /Besides:包括已提到的事，加上；except不包括提到的事，從整體中排除，減去；e.g.I attended classes every day except Saturday and Sunday.The composition is well written except for a few spelling errors.

VII. Translation from English into Chinese

There is a clear distinction between one who is supposed to know and another, usually a younger person who is supposed not to know. However, teaching is not necessarily the area of a special group of people, nor should it be looked upon as a technical skill. Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a blank mind. If you have a certain skill, you should be able to share it with others. You do not have to get a certificate to convey what you know to them or to help them in their attempt to teach themselves. All of us, from the very youngest children to the oldest members of our society, should come to realize our own talent and abilities as teachers. We can share what we know, however little it might be, with others who have need of that knowledge or skill.（2006年4月）

     between A and B:在A與B之間

     be supposed to:應(yīng)該, 被期望

     looked upon A as B:把A視為B

more … than :與其…不如…，是…而不是…

譯文：

一般認(rèn)為，有知識(shí)的人與沒有知識(shí)的人——他們通常是較年輕的人——之間的區(qū)別非常明顯。然而，教學(xué)不一定是某個(gè)特殊群體的領(lǐng)域，也不應(yīng)該被看作是一項(xiàng)專業(yè)技能。教學(xué)不止是將信息硬塞進(jìn)空白的頭腦，而更應(yīng)是指導(dǎo)和幫助。只要你有某種特定的技能，你就應(yīng)當(dāng)能與他人分享。你沒必要持有證書才能把你的知識(shí)傳授給他人，或?yàn)樗麄兊淖詫W(xué)提供幫助。我們社會(huì)中每一個(gè)成員，從蹣跚學(xué)步的孩童到耄耋之年的老者，都應(yīng)當(dāng)意識(shí)到自己作為教師的才能。盡管我們可能知之甚少，但仍應(yīng)能與那些需要我們的人來分享我們的知識(shí)和技能。