一、課程說(shuō)明及特點(diǎn)
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(一)課程根據(jù)全國(guó)高等教育自學(xué)考試指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)要求,使用全國(guó)統(tǒng)一教材,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程上冊(cè),供專(zhuān)科階段英語(yǔ)課程的各非英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的自考生學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)習(xí)者通過(guò)本課程的學(xué)習(xí),應(yīng)具備以下能力:
a. 比較熟練地掌握英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言技能;
b. 能將中等難度的英文短文譯成漢語(yǔ),并且做到內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確、文字流暢;
c. 能將較簡(jiǎn)單的漢語(yǔ)句子譯成英文,同時(shí)做到用詞得當(dāng)、語(yǔ)法正確。
d. 做到具有較好的閱讀能力
學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)該有良好的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ),要在完成高中學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)上,已經(jīng)掌握一定的英語(yǔ)詞匯量(2000詞匯和300詞組)和語(yǔ)法知識(shí),并且具備一定的英語(yǔ)閱讀能力。
本課程——大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程(上冊(cè)),一共有二十五個(gè)單元,每單元兩篇課文,A 篇課文要求精讀后主動(dòng)掌握,B篇課文則只要求理解。除了要做教材中的課文練習(xí)以外,每個(gè)單元后附有一個(gè)同步練習(xí),對(duì)整個(gè)單元的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
在教材中,從第一單元至第二十單元后邊,都有英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)及補(bǔ)充語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容,希望學(xué)員在課后仔細(xì)閱讀。
該教材----大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程(上冊(cè))書(shū)中所有詞匯和語(yǔ)法知識(shí),要求熟練掌握。
二、教材:
選用教材是全國(guó)高等教育自學(xué)考試指定教材,該書(shū)由高遠(yuǎn)主編,高等教育出版社出版
三、真題分析
我們以2006年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試全國(guó)英語(yǔ)(一)真題為例進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)(一)考情的分析。2006年自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)一試題從總體上看與考綱的要求相符合,難度適中。這套試題與往年試題的題型一樣,測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)基本相同。下面我針對(duì)這次試卷進(jìn)行分析,以幫助同學(xué)了解考試。本套試卷各題型主要考點(diǎn)及所占比例。
第一大題 Vocabulary and Structure (詞匯及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)單選題) 10分
考點(diǎn) 數(shù)量 百分比
詞匯辨析 4 40%
固定習(xí)慣用法及詞組搭配 4 40%
語(yǔ)法(從句) 1 10%
單詞用法 1 10%
第二大題 Cloze Test(完形填空) 10分
考點(diǎn) 數(shù)量 百分比
詞匯 3 30%
搭配 2 20%
語(yǔ)法 3 30%
上下文關(guān)系題 2 20%
第三大題 Reading Comprehension(閱讀理解) 30分
文章類(lèi)型:描述性;科普性
這三篇短文后的15個(gè)問(wèn)題中出現(xiàn)了1次詞匯題、1個(gè)指代題、
第四大題 Word Spelling(單詞拼寫(xiě)) 10分
考點(diǎn) 數(shù)量 百分比
名詞 8 40%
動(dòng)詞 5 25%
形容詞 6 30%
數(shù)詞 1 5%
第五大題 Word Form(詞匯適當(dāng)形式) 10分
考點(diǎn) 數(shù)量 百分比
時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài) 3+1 40%
動(dòng)名詞 2 20%
比較級(jí) 1 10%
分詞及不定式 3 30%
第六大題 C-E Translation(漢譯英) 15分
考點(diǎn) 數(shù)量 百分比
賓語(yǔ)從句 1 20%
定語(yǔ)從句 1 20%
重點(diǎn)詞組 2 40%
狀語(yǔ)從句 1 20%
第七大題 E-C Translation(英譯漢) 15分
25. How ______ (surprise) the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War II.
surprise 的兩個(gè)分詞 surprising 和surprised 主要區(qū)別在于:surprising指令人驚訝的、驚奇的,通常邏輯主語(yǔ)是物。而surprised 指某人感到驚訝的,吃驚的,通常邏輯主語(yǔ)是人。而在此句中指人們多么的驚訝!是一個(gè)感嘆句,描述人們的感受,應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞surprised.
IV. C-E Translation(15 points, 3 points for each)
將下列各句譯成英語(yǔ)。
26.地震給這個(gè)地區(qū)造成了巨大損失。
_________________________________________________________________
27.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),身體健康有助于你享受生活。
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28.與其說(shuō)他是個(gè)作家,不如說(shuō)他是個(gè)科學(xué)家。
_________________________________________________________________
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29.我們能肯定的只是會(huì)議已經(jīng)被取消了。
_________________________________________________________________
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30.沒(méi)有空氣的地方,就沒(méi)有聲音。
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26.這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,只要單詞能拼寫(xiě)出來(lái),組織句子的難度不是很大。造成損失應(yīng)用cause damage 。 所以這個(gè)句子應(yīng)翻譯為:The earthquake has caused great damage to the region.
27.這里主要考查“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)” There is no doubt that …. 完整應(yīng)翻譯為:There is no doubt that fitness can help you enjoy your life.
28.這里包含一個(gè)重要詞組:與其說(shuō)是…,不如說(shuō)是…。 Not so much … as …. He is not so much a writer as a scientist.
29.這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,首先這句話(huà)中包括一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句,同時(shí)還包括一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句:我們能肯定的是 all we can be certain of 表語(yǔ)從句: the meeting has been cancelled. 組合起來(lái)應(yīng)是: All we can be certain of/about is that the meeting has been cancelled.
30.這也是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,首先有一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),沒(méi)有空氣的地方。組織起來(lái)應(yīng)是:Where there is no air, there is no sound.
V. E-C Translation (15 points)
將下列短文譯成漢語(yǔ)。
31. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember. How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order? Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. One example of organization is chunking. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. For example, the number 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467,13,63. Categorizing is another means of organization. Suppose you are asked to remember the following list of words: man, bench, dog, desk, woman, horse, child, cat chair. Many people will group the words into similar categories and remember them as follows: man, woman, child; cat, dog, horse; bench, chair, desk. Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.
這是一篇130詞左右的短文,幾乎沒(méi)有太偏的詞匯。短文中包含了定語(yǔ)從句、if主從復(fù)合句。該短文從整體上看語(yǔ)句難度適中,沒(méi)有過(guò)于復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句。其中也考查了一些固定詞組 make a difference, consist of, 習(xí)慣用法:needless to say。翻譯時(shí)要注意定語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法。考生在做英譯漢時(shí)首先要理解原文,然后在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上正確地表達(dá),譯完后,對(duì)照原文校讀一遍譯文。另外建議考生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要加強(qiáng)翻譯的練習(xí)。在這7個(gè)題型中,本題得分相對(duì)容易些。
四、典型題型分析
I.從下列各句四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案,并在答題卡上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。
1. When they join the work force, their employers and associates alike will soon realize that the behavior of these rude young people is closer to ______ of animals than civilized individuals.
A. those B. which C. what D. that
這是一個(gè)包含賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句,這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是behavior,后面的表語(yǔ)是對(duì)它的描述,這些粗魯?shù)哪贻p人行為與動(dòng)物的行為進(jìn)行比較。即行為與行為的比較,句中劃線(xiàn)處指的是行為behavior, 以免與前面的behavior重復(fù),在英語(yǔ)中用that指代前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的behavior的單數(shù)形式。如若前面出現(xiàn)某名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,后面指代詞通常用those。
2. Although there is no doubt that _____ people benefit from heart surgery, critics of our health-care systems point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages.
A. a great deal of B. a great amount of C. a great number of D. the number of
這道題中的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)比較相像,前三者都表示大量的意思,最后一個(gè)是表示“…的數(shù)量”的意思,根據(jù)這句話(huà)的意思可以判斷出來(lái),劃線(xiàn)處應(yīng)是大量的意思。但是前兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)后面跟不可數(shù)名詞,只有C選項(xiàng)后可以跟可數(shù)名詞。
3. If I ______ a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
A. left B. would leave C. leave D. had left
這是一個(gè)基本的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型。在此句中是對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行相反的假設(shè),意思是:如果我早點(diǎn)出發(fā)的話(huà),我就趕上火車(chē)了。事實(shí)上,他是出來(lái)晚了才沒(méi)有趕上火車(chē)。那這種對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行相反的假設(shè),if 條件句應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí),即D選項(xiàng) had left, 主句應(yīng)是would/should
+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
4. Rude people are those whose behavior shows little respect for the rules that the majority _____.
A. have B. own C. follow D. like
這是一個(gè)包含定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句,但是此句中考查的不是定語(yǔ)從句這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn),而是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣性用法。That引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾rules,rules 在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),而劃線(xiàn)處應(yīng)當(dāng)填其相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。follow the rules 是習(xí)慣性用法,表示遵循這些原則、規(guī)章制度。
5. There is great pleasure in watching wildlife in natural or near-natural environments, and tourism can _____ the income of countries.
A. add to B. take to C. keep to D. see to
這道題考查的詞組的掌握。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞組意思是完全不一樣的。這種情況下就看哪一個(gè)更符合該句的邏輯意思。顯然應(yīng)是旅游業(yè)能夠增加國(guó)家的收入,增加應(yīng)是add to。take to表示“開(kāi)始, 喜歡, 沉溺于”, keep to 表示“遵循”, see to 表示“負(fù)責(zé),注意”。
6. He helped me and I hope I can do something for him ______.
A. in turn B. for return C. by turn D. in return
這句話(huà)的意思是“他幫助了我,我希望能夠?yàn)樗鲂┦虑樽鳛榛貓?bào)。”四個(gè)選項(xiàng)看起來(lái)比較相像,只有D選項(xiàng)表示“回報(bào)”的意思。In turn 是輪流的意思 或者by turns
7. We can come to the _____ that the more we practice, the more skillful we will be.
A. tradition B. generation C. conclusion D. fact
像這類(lèi)題考查的單詞的掌握,四個(gè)詞意思不一樣,就看哪一個(gè)放在句中邏輯上、語(yǔ)法上是正確的。這兒come to the conclusion是一個(gè)固定詞組,意指“得出結(jié)論”。
8. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find _____ difficult to succeed in language learning.
A. which B. how C. that D. it
這個(gè)主從復(fù)合句中考查的是一個(gè)常用句型: find it difficult/easy/impossible to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事難/容易/不可能的, it 此句中做形式賓語(yǔ),指代后面的不定式。
9. Their mother is busy _____ ready for work.
A. got B. gets C. to get D. getting
be busy doing sth 是一個(gè)固定句型,忙于做某事,所以劃線(xiàn)處應(yīng)是getting
10. Other people stop at each new word and look it ____ in the dictionary.
A. up B. down C. back D. over
這兒考查的look的幾個(gè)固定詞組的意思。look up “查詢(xún)、尊敬” look down “俯視, 跌價(jià), 用目光壓倒” look back “回顧、追憶” look over “調(diào)查,從上面看過(guò)去”
II. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each)
下列短文中有十個(gè)空格,每個(gè)空格有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上下文要求選出最佳答案,并在答題卡上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。
“Family” ? the word had different meanings for different people, and even the dictionary gives us several definitions: “a group of people related __11__ blood or marriage,” “two adults and their children,” “all those people __12__ from a common ancestor,” “a household,” and so on. Some people think of a family __13__ a mother, a father, and their children; others include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. For __14__ of us, family means the group of relatives __15 __ far away from home. For others, having a __16__ simply means having children. Some families have long histories, __17__ others know very little about their ancestors. No__18__ if it is young or old, large or small, traditional or modern, every family has a sense of what a family is. It is that feeling of __19__, of love and security __20__ comes from living together, helping and sharing.
11. A. to B. for C. after D. by
12. A. derived B. separated C. distinguished D. descended
13. A. by B. as C. from D. for
14. A. some B. other C. most D. one
15. A. live B. living C. lived D. to live
16. A. parent B. relative C. family D. house
17. A. while B. why C. where D. which
18. A. problem B. thing C. matter D. question
19. A. belong B. belonging C. belonged D. having belonged
20. A. what B. this C. that D. such
11. related 后常跟介詞to 表示與…有關(guān),但是在此句中是指通過(guò)…關(guān)聯(lián)起來(lái)的意思,應(yīng)用介詞by
12. 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)主要考查大家詞匯的掌握,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是四個(gè)動(dòng)詞,但是意思完全不一樣,這種情況下就看哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞在句中邏輯上比較通順,根據(jù)前后文判斷,應(yīng)用D選項(xiàng),表示遺傳的意思。
13. 這是think of …as 的用法,是固定搭配。
14. 這是一個(gè)典型的根據(jù)前后文的意思來(lái)決定選項(xiàng)的題型,根據(jù)短文的大意,應(yīng)是一部分人持這種觀點(diǎn),另一部分人持另一種觀點(diǎn)。所以A選項(xiàng)更確切一些
15. 這是分詞做定語(yǔ)修飾名詞relatives, 這種表示邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系的情況下,用現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)。若是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的話(huà),應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)。
16. 這個(gè)與14小題比較類(lèi)似,都是根據(jù)短文主旨來(lái)確定的,這個(gè)短文是關(guān)于家庭這個(gè)概念的一個(gè)文章,所以這兒顯然指的是家庭family
17. 這是一個(gè)while引導(dǎo)的并列句,通常while連接兩個(gè)具有轉(zhuǎn)折意義的并列句。
18. 這是考查固定詞組no matter “無(wú)論”的意思,在此句中是無(wú)論家庭的大小
19. 這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是belong的不同形式,劃線(xiàn)處前面有個(gè)介詞of ,所以這兒應(yīng)是一個(gè)名詞性的詞匯,動(dòng)詞belong變成動(dòng)名詞belonging。
20. 這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是前面的幾個(gè)名詞,表示物的情況下,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that 或which。 所以只有C選項(xiàng)是正確的。
III. 將括號(hào)中的各詞變?yōu)檫m當(dāng)?shù)男问教钊肟崭?/P>
21. Curiously enough, sleepwalkers have an unusual way of _______ (avoid) their own traps when they sleepwalk.
首先avoid 是個(gè)動(dòng)詞,“避免”的意思。在此句中劃線(xiàn)處前有個(gè)介詞of 所以劃線(xiàn)處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞avoid的動(dòng)名詞形式avoiding.
22. Experiments have to ________ (make) under carefully controlled conditions.
實(shí)驗(yàn)experiments是被人實(shí)施,即人們做實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)被做。所以劃線(xiàn)處應(yīng)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而且劃線(xiàn)處前有個(gè)have to ,to 后應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞原形,所以應(yīng)填be made
23. You can build your vocabulary without ________ (use) a dictionary each time.
use a dictionary是個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組,但是跟在介詞without 后,所以u(píng)se動(dòng)詞應(yīng)變?yōu)閡sing 動(dòng)名詞的形式。
24. Successful language learners find it easy ________ (practice) using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.
這個(gè)一個(gè)典型的句型,find it easy to do sth, 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某某事情容易,此句型中it 是形式賓語(yǔ),后面的不定式是真正的賓語(yǔ),所以用to practice 填空。