Passage Two

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

　　Everybody gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our

　　lives until, finally, some attack on the body brings our existence to an

　　end. Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take

　　relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to

　　fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to

　　us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient

　　truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might

　　readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame(榮譽(yù)).

　　Because ill health is a universal problem, affecting both the individual

　　and society, the human response to sickness in always socially organized.

　　No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating

　　ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own

　　concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide

　　who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there

　　arises, over time, a number of standard, values, groups, statuses, and

　　roles: in other words, an institution(體系，機(jī)構(gòu)). To the sociologist(社會學(xué)家)，

　　then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health

　　and the treatment of disease.

　　In the simple pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of

　　religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very

　　elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer(治療者).

　　The later is typically also the priest(牧師), who relies primarily on

　　religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: For example,

　　bones may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about

　　a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand, the

　　institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including

　　dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, hospital

　　administrator, linked with organizations such as nursing houses, insurance

　　companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject

　　of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the

　　most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society.

　　26. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 1?

　　A.Nowadays most people believe

　　B.Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering.

　　C.most of us are aware of the full value of health

　　D.ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else.

　　正確答案：B

　　27. The word “authorize” in paragraph 2 means “______”.

　　A.make way for

　　B.give power to

　　C.write an order for

　　D.make it possible for

　　正確答案：B

　　28. In paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as ______.

　　A.a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthy

　　B.a universal problem that affects every society

　　C.a social responsibility to treat ill health

　　D.a science that focuses on the treatment of disease

　　正確答案：A

　　29. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true?

　　A.In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill

　　B.In pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singing

　　C.Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in

　　it.

　　D.there were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and

　　the one who tried to cure them.

　　正確答案：C

　　30. The author of this passage is mainly concerned with ______.

　　A.sociological aspects in medicine

　　B.medical treatment of diseases

　　C.the development of medical science

　　D.the role of religion in medicine

　　正確答案：A