《基礎(chǔ)英語》課程
全國統(tǒng)一命題考試說明

根據(jù)《高等教育自學(xué)考試課程命題大綱》和《基礎(chǔ)英語課程自學(xué)考試大綱》的有關(guān)要求，對《基礎(chǔ)英語》（國際貿(mào)易專業(yè)專科）課程全國統(tǒng)一命題工作作如下說明。

1、宗旨

《基礎(chǔ)英語》是高等教育自學(xué)考試國際貿(mào)易專業(yè)（專科段）的一門專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程，旨在使應(yīng)考者在鞏固和提高英語基本語言知識和應(yīng)用能力的同時，了解經(jīng)貿(mào)場合下英語在詞匯、語法和篇章方面的特點(diǎn)，增長和積累經(jīng)貿(mào)知識，從而為今后進(jìn)一步自學(xué)打好語言和專業(yè)兩方面的基礎(chǔ)。這門課程是一門知識性、綜合性和應(yīng)用性的課程。根據(jù)以上特點(diǎn)，本課程考核要點(diǎn)中所列的各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，包括能正確使用其中的詞匯、語法概念和結(jié)構(gòu)造句、進(jìn)行英漢互譯，理解課文和類似文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義以及分析問題和解決問題的能力，并以后者為重點(diǎn)。

2、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

本課程以普通高等學(xué)校同專業(yè)同課程專科結(jié)業(yè)水平為命題參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

3、目標(biāo)

①客觀、公正、有效地檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生掌握本課程知識及相應(yīng)能力的狀況。
②有利于提高考試的信度和效度，有助于自學(xué)考試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)范化試題庫的建立和不斷完善。
③正確引導(dǎo)個人自學(xué)和社會助學(xué)。

一、命題依據(jù)和范圍

1、依據(jù)
以全國高等教育自學(xué)考試指導(dǎo)委員會2000年3月制定的《基礎(chǔ)英語自學(xué)考試大綱》和《英語》（上、下冊，吳順昌、黃振華主編，中國人民大學(xué)出版社2000年9月版）教材內(nèi)容為依據(jù)。

2、范圍
命題覆蓋《基礎(chǔ)英語自學(xué)考試大綱》規(guī)定的28課學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，所考核的知識點(diǎn)、考核要求及考核重點(diǎn)完全按照考試大綱的要求。

二、試卷藍(lán)圖

1、題型
試卷題型包括：單詞或短語的英漢互譯（各5題，共10分）、詞匯應(yīng)用和語法結(jié)構(gòu)（各15題，共30分）、改錯（10題，共10分）、完型填空（20題，共10分）、閱讀理解（二篇短文，10題，共25分）和英漢句子互譯（各2題，共15分）共六種。

2、能力結(jié)構(gòu)
試卷試題考核"識記"、"簡單應(yīng)用"和"綜合應(yīng)用"三個能力層次，在不同能力層次題目的分值比例安排上，記憶性的題目分值不高于卷面的30％，簡單應(yīng)用性的題目占40％左右，綜合應(yīng)用性的題目占30％左右。

3、難度結(jié)構(gòu)
試卷按"易"、"較易"、"較難"、和"難"四個難度層次組配試題，其分?jǐn)?shù)比例依次為20：30：30：20。

4、重點(diǎn)和非重點(diǎn)
試卷既突出課程的重點(diǎn)，又兼顧覆蓋面（詳見本課程考試大綱）。

三、其他

1、考試以閉卷方式進(jìn)行，時間為150分鐘，評分采取百分制，60分為及格。
2、考試時只需攜帶鋼筆或圓珠筆，不準(zhǔn)帶詞典和電子字典等工具。


《基礎(chǔ)英語》課程樣題


一、單詞或短語的英漢互譯（每小題1分，共10分）

1、將下列詞語譯成中文：
（1）premium
（2）economies of scale
（3）bank balances and reserves

2、將下列詞語譯成英文：
（1）壟斷
（2）比較優(yōu)勢
（3）額外儲備金

二、詞匯應(yīng)用和語法結(jié)構(gòu)（每小題1分，共30分）

1、詞匯應(yīng)用
選擇最佳答案
（1）when my boss said he would ________ me to another department, I was very happy because I wanted to some other job for a change.
A、transport
B、transfer
C、dismiss
D、transform

（2）The price of necessities has not ________ a great deal in the past few years.
A、waved
B、fluctuated
C、vibrated
D、shook

2、語法結(jié)構(gòu)
選擇最佳答案
（1）The price was very reasonable, I would gladly have paid ________ she asked.
A、twice much as
B、as twice much as
C、twice as much as
D、twice as many as

（2）Everything in this house ________ if you had not called the brigade in time.
A、will be destroyed
B、would be destroyed
C、will have been destroyed
D、would have been destroyed

三、改錯（每小題1分，共10分）

下面句子中有A、B、C、D四個劃底線部分，其中有一個是錯誤的，選出錯誤部分的字母，無需改正錯誤：
（1）Little they knew（A） that in 1926 when（B） the first TV broadcast began, it（C） would have such an impact on people's everyday life（D）.
（2）A patent gives（A） inventors exclusive（B） rights to their inventions for a fix（C） period of time（D）.

四、完型填空（10分） 

每空提供四個選擇項(xiàng)，選擇最佳答案填空，如：
The three biggest lies in America are: The check is in the mail; Of course, I'll respect you in the morning; It was a computer（1）.

Of these three little white lies, the worst of the lot by far is the third. It's the only one that can（2）be true. Today, if a bank statement cheats you out of $900 that way, you know what the clerk is sure to say. "It was a computer error." Nonsense. The computer is reporting（3）more than what the clerk typed into it.

The most irritating case of all is when the computerized cash register in the grocery store shows that an item costs more than it actually（4）.If the innocent buyer poiints out the mistake, buyer, and manager all come together and（5）the familiar explanation:"It was a computer error."

It wasn't, of course. That high-tech cash register is really nothing more than an electric eye. The eye reads the Universal Product Code-that ribbon of black and white lines in a corner of the package-and the（6）the code against a price list stored in memory. If the price list is right, you'll be charged（7）. 

Grocery stores undate the price list each day-that is, somebody sits at a keyboard and types in the prices. If the price they type in is too high, there are only two explanations, carelessness or dishonesty. But（8）"a computer error" is supposed to excuse everything.

One reason we let people hide behind a computer is the common misperception that huge, modem computers are "electric brains" with "artificial intelligence". At some point there might be a machine with intelligence, but（9）esists today. The smartest computer on Earth right now is no more "intelligent" that your screwdriver. At this point in the developemnt of computers, the only thing any mechine can do is（10）a human has instructed it to do.

1）
A、error
B、mistake
C、crime
D、fault

2）
A、once
B、never
C、ever
D、no

3）
A、something
B、none
C、nothing
D、anything

4）
A、costs
B、has done
C、has cost
D、does

5）
A、offer
B、request
C、supply
D、venture

6）
A、examines
B、reads
C、scans
D、checks

7）
A、exactly
B、precisely
C、truly
D、accurately

8）
A、somehow
B、such as
C、in fact
D、for example

9）
A、one
B、some
C、none
D、some

10）
A、how
B、what
C、that
D、whatever



2、從所給詞匯中為每空選一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，如：
after, expensive, person, appear, had, as, industry, unchanged, cheap, later, company, methods, same, way

Henry Ford was the first（1）to build cars which were（2）, strong, and fast. He was able to sell millions of cars because be "mass-produced" them, that is, he made a great many cars of exactly the same type. Ford's father hoped that his son would become a farmar, but the young man did not like the idea and he went to Detroit, Where he worked（3）a mechanic. By the age of 29, in 1892, he（4）built his first car. However, the first "mass-produced" car in the world, the famous "Model T", did not（5）until 1908-five years（6）Ford had started his great Motor（7）. This car proved to be some much enjoyed that it remained（8）for twenty years. Since Ford's time, mass-production（9）have become common in（10）and have reduce the have reduce the price of many articles which would otherwise be very expensive.

3、不提供選項(xiàng)，由考生自己填寫，如：
The bicycle makes human foot power more efficient. It help（1）________ to go much farther and（2）________ than they can walk（3）________ run. Over a period of（4）________ . it can go farther than（5）________ horse, And you can（6）________ it where cars（7）________ to. Many people all（8）________ the word depend on（9）________ to get where they（10）________ to go.

五、閱讀理解（25分） 

There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find those careers in engineering. In production, in statistical work, and the teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field, There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgements. We can call these people "generalists". And these "generalists" are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people's work, to begin it and judge it.

The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools, He is a "trained" man; and his educational backgrounds is properly technical or professional. The generalist-and especially the administrator-deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an "educated" man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.

Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you-but this is a pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job, At the same time you must not look up on the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.

1）There is an increasing demand for ________ .
A、all-round people in their own fields
B、people whose job is to organize other people's work
C、generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional
D、specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others.

2）The administraor is a ________ .
A、"trained" man who is more a specialist than a generalist
B、man who sees the trees as well as the forest
C、man who is very strong in the humanities
D、man who is an "educated" specialist

3）During your training period, it is important to ________ .
A、try to be a generalist
B、choose a profitable job
C、find an organization which fits you
D、decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist

4）A man's first job ________ .
A、is never the right job for him
B、should not be regarded as his final job
C、should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold a job
D、is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job

5）Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
A、An organization needs both generalists and specialists.
B、An organization needs more administrators than professionals.
C、It is unlikely that one can be both a good generalist and a good specialist.
D、One should not consider his first job as a lifetime one

六、英漢句子互譯（15分）

1、將下列句子譯成中文：
（1）In the case of producer-induced demand, business firms advertise to convince the customers that the need the goods that they would not have missed had the advertising and additional production never occurred.
（2）Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for a few minutes.

2、將下列句子譯成英文：
（1）人力投資有時比資本的投入在生產(chǎn)中更管用。
（2）廣告最顯而易見的目的是使消費(fèi)者了解可得到的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。