2002年上半年高等教育自學(xué)考試全國統(tǒng)一命題考試

經(jīng)貿(mào)知識(shí)英語

（課程代號(hào)：0095）

Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions (10%):

1) From English into Chinese

a. compound duties
b. documentary collection
c. sales confirmation
d. preferred stock
e. GDP per capita

2) From Chinese into English

a. 保護(hù)主義
b. 無支付能力
c. 交（貨）
d. 到岸價(jià)
e. 股東


Ⅱ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right. There are two additional choices on the right (5%): 

1) drawback          a. duties imposed on goods imported and exported

2) terms of trade    b. the right to collect from an endorser a payment of loss

3) title             c. duties on imports that are refunded when reexported

4) deposit           d. right to the possession of a position or property

5) hyperinflation    e. the relation of export and import prices

                     f. soaring of prices beyond control

                     g. money paid as part of the payment owed


Ⅲ. Make brief explanations of the following terms in English (20%):

1. international trade

2. transferable credit

3. insurance

4. MNC

5. commercial invoice


IV . Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list (10%):

    Perhaps the most common method of dealing with risk is to shift, or 1)_______ ,the risk to an insurance company. An insurer (or insurance company) is a firm that agrees, for a fee, to assume 2)_______ responsibility for losses that may result from a specific risk.

    The fee 3)________ by an insurance company is called a premium. A contract between an insurer and the person or firm whose risk is assumed is known as an insurance 4)_______.Generally, an insurance policy is written for a period of one year. Then, if both parties are willing, it is 5)________ each year. It specifies exactly which risks are covered by the agreement, the dollar amounts the insurer will pay in case of a 6)________, and the amount of the premium.

    Insurance is thus the 7)_______ against loss that the purchase of an insurance policy affords. Insurance companies will not, however, assume every kind of risk. A risk that insurance companies will assume is called an 8) ________ risk. A risk that insurance companies will not assume is called an uninsurable risk.

    In general, pure risks are insurable, whereas 9) ________ risks are uninsurable. An insurance company will protect a Ford Motor Company assembly plant against losses due to fire or hurricanes. It will not, however, protect Ford against losses resulting from a lack of sales 10)_______ for automobiles.


V . Translate the following into Chinese (15%):

    How can more "Made in the U.S.A.' goods get into store shelves in China? Under current trade restrictions, imports from the United States have barely flowed into that nation. However, imports will flood in, if China, the largest emerging market in Asia, joins the World Trade Organization. Although U.S. exports to China have increased over the past decade, the yearly total is still only about $ 12 billion, a tiny piece of all U.S. exports. Meanwhile, the United States has been a very good market for China' s goods: U.S. imports about $ 50 billion worth of goods from China every year, up from roughly 8 10 billion worth of yearly imports just a decade ago.

    If China joins the WTO, the level of U.S. exports to China will skyrocket because high tariffs and various other trade restrictions will be removed. Today tariffs on imports into China range as high as 120 percent. As part of its bid for WTO membership, China has agreed to cut the average tariff rate to 15 percent by the year 2000. In addition, WTO membership would put trade with China under a more standardized legal framework, giving exporters and importers alike more consistent treatment.

    Another benefit of China's proposed WTO membership is that U.S. companies would within a few years be allowed to deal directly with Chinese companies instead of going through a trading company. Just as important, U.S. manufacturers would finally be able to market directly to Chinese consumers. Such an import-friendly environment would be bound to open new trade opportunities for U.S. businesses — which is why many U.S. officials favor WTO membership for China.

Ⅵ. Translate the following into English (25%):

1.作為取代關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定的新的、改善了的機(jī)構(gòu)，世界貿(mào)易組織是一個(gè)永久性的國際組織，所有關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定的成員國均自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)為世界貿(mào)易組織的成員。

2.許多國際交易是通過匯票支付的。匯票是對(duì)銀行或顧客發(fā)出的支付命令，包括即期匯票和遠(yuǎn)期匯票。

3.買方發(fā)出的詢盤是為了獲得擬訂購商品的有關(guān)信息，它對(duì)發(fā)出詢盤的人無約束力。

4.即使是在這種情況下，大多數(shù)公司寧可支付數(shù)量明確的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)來轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，也不愿有遭受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的不確定性。

5.盡管跨國公司的日常管理工作下放到其子公司，但重要決策，如公司目標(biāo)和新投資項(xiàng)目都由母公司來決定。

Ⅶ. Answer the following questions in English (15%):

1 . Why and how are Incoterms used ? Give two commonly used terms to illustrate.

2. How is D/A different from D/P after sight? Which is safer for the exporter?