2003年10月全國高等教育自學(xué)考試

語言與文化試題

課程代碼：0838

第一部分  選擇題（共30分）

I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)

1.A cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called _____.

  A. hamburger                                                  B. sandwich

  C. salad                                                     D. pudding

2.All languages have _____ terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives.

  A. generation                                      B. subtle

  C. complicated                                          D. kinship

3.English speakers are direct people who tend to _____.

A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaning

B. locate central meaning before central meaning

C. locate the modified after the modifier

D. think holistically

4.In English all the prefixes are _____ morphemes.

  A. inflectional                              B. grammatical

  C. derivational                                   D. implicit

5.Which of the following statements is not true?

A. English speakers have a relatively small range of possibilities to select from when naming their newly born babies.

B. English surnames are more distinctive than given names.

C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.

D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names.

6.If an English speaker refuses the compliment which merely comes out of politeness, he may say _____.

  A.“Do you really think so?”                     B.“Oh, I wish it could be true.”

  C.“Oh, you are too polite.”                    D.“No, I don’t think so.”

7.“To make a cat laugh” means _____.

  A. to be comic                                 B. to be tragic

  C. to be proud                                 D. to be serious

8.The English equivalent for “前車之覆，后車之鑒” can be “_____”.

A. Rats desert a sinking ship

B.A small leak will sink a great ship

C. He that would sail without danger must never come on the main sea

D. Let another’s shipwreck be your seamark

9.“Green” connotes _____ in English culture.

  A. Prosperity                                     B. immaturity

  C. longevity                                       D. sincerity

10.“Brown paper”corresponds to _____.

  A.棕色紙                                           B.秘密文件

  C.揭露社會(huì)黑暗的報(bào)紙                          D.牛皮紙

11.The English equivalent for “空襲緊急警報(bào)” is _____.

  A. blue alert                                      B. white alert

  C. red alert                                              D. black alert

12.“Sanitary engineer” is the euphemistic expression for “_____”.

  A. garbage collector                                B. cleaner

  C. plumber                                                D. gardener

13.“敬請指正” can be treated as the Chinese equivalent of “_____” in English.

  A. I’d like to have your comments.               B. Will you please point out my errors?

  C. I’d like to have errors corrected                    D. I’ll gratefully expect your comments.

14.When the speaker or writer discusses many things indirectly related to the central idea of the text and /or to each other he or she develops the text in a(n) _____ fashion.

  A .linear                                      B. spiral

  C. inductive                                        D. deductive

15.The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is the pronunciation of _____ in words.

  A. r                                             B. a

  C. wh                                                 D. er

16.The first _____ made in 449 B.C. had strong impact on the laws made later in most European countries.

  A. Roman law                                   B. Napoleonic Code

  C. French law                             D. British law

17.The distance zone ranging from 4 inches to about 8 feet is referred so as the _____ zone.

  A. public                                     B. intimate

  C. socio-consultative                          D. casual-personal

18.Raising one’s open hand with palm down to one’s throat means “_____” in English culture.

  A. Shame on you                             B. I’m full

  C. Kill yourself                                  D. You’re shorter than I

19.In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.

  A. relative rights                                B. relationship

  C. distance                                                D. relative obligation

20.The brand name _____ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorative in English culture?

  A.青島啤酒                                       B.白象牌電池

  C.瀘洲老窖                                       D.菊花電扇

II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)

21._____ are some important properties of language.

  A. Unsystematic                                 B. Human specific

  C. Vocal                                     D. A set of symbols

22.In the expression “to meet one’s Waterloo”,the word “Waterloo” alludes to _____.

  A. a great victory                       B. an achievement

  C. a final defeat                        D. a difficult or obstacle

23.The English brand names _____ are coinages.

  A. Trane                               B. Playtex

  C. Pierre                              D. Cartan

24.The word “woman” can be defined conceptually as _____.

  A. an adult female                      B. prone to tears

  C. long hair wearing                          D. biped

25.“Purple” in English culture is often associated with _____.

  A. high rank or station                            B. low rank or station

  C. imperial or royal rank                                D. something best

26._____ are usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culutre.

A. Age and income

B. Love and marriage

C. Political and religious beliefs

D. Personal opinions about daily affairs

27._____ is onomatopoeic words.

  A. Squeal                                    B. Murmur

  C. Rush                                      D. Click

28.When you respond to the compliment “You look very nice in this dress”,you should say “_____”.

A. Thank you.

B. No, I don’t think so at all.

C. Do you really think so? I was not sure whether it suits me.

D. It’s very kind of you to say so.

29._____ serve the function of substitution.

A. Saying louder than usual to emphasize a verbal message

B. Pausing before saying something important

C. Waving goodbye

D. Beckoning another person to come

30.A “slow” student may be euphemistically referred to as “_____”.

A. a mentally retarded student

B. one who is working at his/her own level

C. one who can do better work with help

D. a problem student

第二部分  非選擇題(共70分)

III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)

31.The invisible, portable space that surrounds us is referred to as _____ space.

32._____ thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.

33.“Pay one’s debt to nature” is the euphemism for _____.

34.The English equivalent of “寒舍” is _____.

35.In an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is referred to as _____ and often located at the initial part of the paragraph.

36.It is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more _____ than English advertising.

37.Since language represents thought, it is _____ by thought.

38.It is generally true that an English word may represent a _____ or associative meaning different from that of its translation equivalent in Chinese.

39.The English functional equivalent for “敬請光臨” is _____.

40.The English proverbial equivalent for “金無足赤，人無完人”is _____.

41.The English expression _____ is equivalent to “禿子頭上的虱子——明擺著” in China.

42._____ refers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasis on scandals, or resenting ordinary news in a sensational manner.

IV. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)

43.What is the English equivalent for “黑信”?

44.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat”?

45.What is the major difference between English and Chinese descriptive texts in style?

46.Why is it said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language?

47.How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?

48.What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocatives?

V. Translation:(16%)

49.He breathed his last during the night.

50.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.

51.The greatest artist of the first half of this century has long last gone the way of all flesh.

52.A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.

53.為金錢而侍奉上帝的人會(huì)為更多的報(bào)酬服侍魔鬼。

54.你對他期望過高了。干這活他還是新手呢。

55.請?zhí)釋氋F意見。

56.別指望亞瑟會(huì)為自己辯護(hù)，他膽小如鼠。

VI. Define the following term:(10%)

57.common core English

58.logical thinking

59.a black sheep

60.large c culture

61.cooperative principle

VII. Discuss the following topics:(20%)

62.How are bodily organs related to sex and sexual intercourse treated in English and Chinese?

63.What cross-cultural contrast can you find between English and Chinese telephone calls?