全國高等教育自學(xué)考試英語（二）  
主講人：胥國紅
北京航空航天大學(xué)
主要內(nèi)容
• 試卷分析和最新出題思路
• 重點語法
• 備考要訣及學(xué)習(xí)方法

最新英語（二）試卷主觀題統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)
     考題        滿分          平均分
• 單詞拼寫     10      2.48
• 詞形填空     10      2.17
• 漢譯英        15       5.53
• 英譯漢        15       10.75
•  總分         50           20.93

最新出題思路
（1）與課文的關(guān)系
往年與課文有關(guān)的大題：第一、第四、第五和第六大題
近年與課文有關(guān)的大題：第四和第六大題
建議：熟讀課文，掌握課文中的大綱詞匯，特別留意課文中體現(xiàn)重點語法和經(jīng)典句型的句子。
(2) 與課文無關(guān)的大題：第二、第三、第七大題。
文章選材：主要涉及社會文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、教育、歷史、和生活常識等內(nèi)容。
建議：廣泛閱讀此類題材的文章，最好是中英文對照版本。推薦雜志：《英語沙龍》，《大學(xué)英語》，《英語學(xué)習(xí)》。

 每道題的考點：
第一題：詞匯語法題
主要考點：定語從句、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞；狀語從句的連接詞；詞匯辨析；固定搭配；常用句型。近年來詞匯題比重增加。

建議：通過學(xué)習(xí)教材上下冊，熟練掌握基本語法，背熟大綱詞匯，加強同義詞、近義詞、和形似詞的比較，牢記固定搭配。

歷年試題舉例：
1. At the end of 1994 the British government introduced new measures to help ____domestic workers from abuse by their employers.
[A] protect [B] suspect [C] expect [D]inspect            　Ａ
2. I’m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting.
[A] down [B] up  [C] out  [D] over              　Ｂ
3. By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a sound
comes.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
 [A] in which [B] from which[C] over which[D] with which   Ｂ

第二題：完型填空題
主要考點：除了第一大題已提到的考點外，還注重考察介詞、連詞、副詞、代詞等虛詞的用法。近年來詞匯題比例有所增加。

建議：“上看下看，左看右看”，即充分利用上下文提供的信息答題。

歷年試題舉例：

… Colter was excited, so he told  17  about the place.  18  , the other people did not believe him.
17.  [A] the other  [B] others 　　　　     Ｂ
 [C] another   [D] each other
18. [A] Then      [B] However　　　　　   Ｂ
 [C] Therefore  [D] Consequently

第三題：閱讀理解題
主要特點：文章體裁多為論述文，偶有記敘文，主要涉及文化、教育、風(fēng)俗、歷史、人物故事、社會問題、科普常識等內(nèi)容，不涉及太專業(yè)的內(nèi)容。文章平均長度為300-350詞/篇，總閱讀量為1500-2000詞。問題以細節(jié)題為主，其次是總結(jié)題，偶爾有一兩道詞匯題和推理題。題目的順序和文章的順序大體對應(yīng)。

第四題：單詞拼寫題
往年考題：多選用考綱詞表中的常用詞，包括中學(xué)詞匯，平均詞長為6個字母。
最新特點：最近一次考題中單詞拼寫幾乎全部出自下冊課文，以A課文為主, 單詞長度顯著增加，平均詞長為9個字母，有5個單詞詞長超過10個字母，出現(xiàn)了兩個超綱詞，無一中學(xué)詞匯。
最新考題舉例
36. accompany (1A)       37. boundary (2A)
38. capture (14A)      39. decline (10A)
40. employee (4A)      41. feasible (8A)
42. heartbreaking (14A)     43. grateful
44. increasingly (6A)      45. junction (15A)
46. loyalty (10A)       47. moderate (8B)
48. overwhelming (10A)     49. nominate (10B)
50. participant (5A)      51. persistently (14A)
52. queue (14A)       53. spontaneous (5A)
54. reinforce (12B)      55. undertake (13A)

第五題：詞形填空題
主要考點：謂語動詞（時態(tài)、語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、主謂一致），非謂語動詞（動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動名詞），形容詞比較級，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。
建議：掌握扎實的語法知識，通過大量做題來消化這些語法知識，力求做到舉一反三，觸類旁通。

歷年試題舉例
1. Cancer research ___ (make) all over the world in the past twenty years.    (has been made)
2. The more stress you are under, the ___ (likely) you are to catch a cold.   ( more likely)
3. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things ___ (be) equal, they would prefer single to shared rooms.  (being)
4. These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is  ____ (specialize) in its function. (special)

第六題：漢譯英
主要考點：全面考察詞匯、語法和句型的運用能力，多考虛擬語氣、比較級、疑問句、強調(diào)句和一些固定表達方式。最新考題中有三道題直接出自下冊課文。
閱卷要求：主要語法錯誤（如動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、主謂一致、否定、疑問以及其他句型錯誤）或重要用詞錯誤扣1分；非基本語法錯誤（如介詞、代詞、冠詞、大寫、標點等錯誤）每兩處扣1分；拼寫錯誤每兩處扣1分，本大題總扣分不超過3分。
最新試題舉例
68．一個具有文學(xué)藝術(shù)欣賞力的人能勝任這項工作。
選自下冊第9單元A課文后Word Study中appreciation的一個例句。主要考查定語從句和be qualified for 的用法。

69．隨著研究技術(shù)變得更加先進，用于實驗的動物數(shù)量將會大大減少。
選自下冊第11單元A課文最后一段的第一句話。主要考查as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“隨著”。

70．那位生物學(xué)家相信某些動物物種正受到滅絕的威脅。
根據(jù)下冊第14單元A課文后的翻譯練習(xí)中的第6題有所改動。原話為“他相信某些植物物種正受到滅絕的威脅。”

第七題：英譯漢
主要特點：綜合考查詞匯和語法，注意定語從句、狀語從句、比較級、倒裝句的理解。
閱卷要求：根據(jù)總體印象打分，分為15-13分，12-10分，9-7分，6-4分，3-1分五個檔次。只要譯文大體準確通順即可得分，不要求譯得非常漂亮。

結(jié)語
知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆！
               

II. 重點語法復(fù)習(xí)
n 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)
n 非謂語動詞
n 虛擬語氣
n 定語從句和名詞性從句

1. 動詞主要時態(tài)和語態(tài)表
一般現(xiàn)在時    一般過去時     一般將來時
主動: do     did      will do
被動: are done   were done     will be done
現(xiàn)在進行時    過去進行時     將來進行時
主動: are doing   were doing     will be doing
被動: are being done  were being done
現(xiàn)在完成時    過去完成時     將來完成時
主動: have done   had done     will have done
被動: have been done  had been done
現(xiàn)在完成進行時      
主動: have been doing

動詞主要時態(tài)的意義及運用
• 
• 現(xiàn)在完成時，過去完成時和將來完成時
英語提示語：up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995 

漢語提示語：已經(jīng)，早已，了
e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year.
    By the end of this week, we’ll have finished the task.

• 現(xiàn)在完成進行時
從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，沒有間斷。
漢語提示語：一直
e.g. The water has been running the whole night. 

過去完成時
n said, reported, thought 等引導(dǎo)的間接引語中。
e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train.
2) hardly…when, no sooner… than
e.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call.
3) 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的條件狀語從句中
e.g If I had tried harder, I would have won.
 I wish I had done better in the exam. 
歷年考題中的動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)
1.So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.   (has been lived)
2.The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there.  (had been sent)
3.The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi. (witnessed) 　

2. 非謂語動詞
動詞主要時態(tài)和語態(tài)一覽表
非謂語動詞     形式     意義
 現(xiàn)在分詞
一 般 式     doing     主動, 正在進行
被 動 式     being done    被動, 正在進行
完成主動式     having done    主動, 已經(jīng)完成
完成被動式     having been done  被動, 已經(jīng)完成
  過去分詞     done     被動, 已經(jīng)完成
  動詞不定式
一 般 式     to do     主動,將要進行
被 動 式     to be done    被動, 將要進行
完成主動式     to have done    主動, 已經(jīng)完成
進行主動式     to be doing    主動, 正在進行

非謂語動詞作狀語
•動詞不定式：1）目的狀語；2）結(jié)果狀語
e.g. I came here to meet you. （目的）
 He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （結(jié)果）
•分詞：1) 伴隨狀語；2）原因狀語；3）條件狀語 4）讓步狀語；5）時間狀語
e.g. Walking along the street, he met his old friend.   （時間）
 Being very tired, my father didn’t go out with us.  （原因）
 Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive.    （原因）
 Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball.  (條件）

非謂語動詞，狀語從句和獨立結(jié)構(gòu)
n Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分詞作狀語)
n After having done their homework, the children began to play. （連詞+分詞）
n After they had done their homework, the children began to play. （狀語從句）
n With homework done, the children began to play.  （獨立結(jié)構(gòu)）

非謂語動詞作定語
n If there is no choice, there is no decision ___ (make). (to be made)
n Do you know the man ____ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing)
n The question ____ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed) 
n The bridge ____ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition.  (built)
動名詞和動詞不定式
• 作主語和表語
動名詞作主語/表語表示一般、抽象的情況；動詞不定時作主語表示具體某次的情況。
e.g  Rising early is good for health.
 To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.
 It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.
 My biggest wish is to go abroad.
 Seeing is believing. 

• 作賓語
接動名詞作賓語的動詞：
admit, acknowledge, avoid, deny, consider, enjoy, escape,
excuse, forgive, finish, suggest, mind, include, involve, delay,
put off, postpone, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be
accustomed to, etc. 
接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞：
want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to,
seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin      

接動名詞和動詞不定式有不同含義的動詞：
n forget, remember, regret
n stop, continue
n need/ want  
n allow doing/ allow sb to do
1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time?
      Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.
 2) I can’t stop laughing.  Can you stop to give me a hand?
3)The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut. 
4)We don’t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.  
歷年考題中的非謂語動詞
1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ___ (do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance.  (doing)
2. Anyone ___(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. (wanting)
3. It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes ___ (control) his direction. (to control)
4. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals ___ (use) in experiments may decrease.  (used)
5. A life ___ (live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed. (lived)
6. This poem, if ___ (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense.  (translated)
7. They may have their passports _____ (remove), making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible.  (removed)
8.  Her body, with hands and feet ____ (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the morning.   (bound)

3. 虛擬語氣
第一大類：非真實條件下的虛擬語氣
時間         從句      主句
與現(xiàn)在事實相反  did/ were      should/could/would + do
與過去事實相反  had done      should/could/would + have done
與將來事實相反  were to do      should/could/would + do                            should do              

第二大類：從句中用過去時或過去完成時的虛擬語氣
n would rather + 從句
n wish + 從句
n if only + 從句
n as if/ as though + 從句
n It’s time + 從句

第三大類：從句中用should加動詞原形的虛擬語氣，其中should可省略。
n suggest, propose, advise, move(動議), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等動詞后接的賓語從句；
n suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requirement, request, desire, preference等名詞后的同位語從句；

3. important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容詞用在it is … that…句型中；
4. lest, in case, for fear that 等引導(dǎo)的從句中。
歷年考題中的虛擬語氣
n If it hadn’t been for your help, we ___ (be) in real trouble.   (would have been)
n He would have given you more help, if he ___ (not be) so busy.  (had not been)
n It is high time that we ___ (take) firm measures to protect our environment. (took)
n It was imperative that students ___ (finish) their papers before July 1st.   (should finish/ finish)
4. 定語從句和名詞性從句
定語從句：限制性和非限制性定語從句
引導(dǎo)定語從句
1）關(guān)系代詞(在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語）：which, that, who, whom, whose
2）關(guān)系副詞（在定語從句中作狀語）：when, where, why, how
名詞性從句
名詞性從句：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句：
1）主從連詞（不在從句中作任何成分）：that, whether, if
2）連接代詞（在從句中作主語、賓語、表語）：what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever…
3）連接副詞（在從句中作狀語）：when, where, why, how

¨ 定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別
¨ The story (that) he told me may not be true.
¨ The story that he has made a fortune may not be true. 

2. 什么時候用介詞＋which 的形式?
¨ The place which I visited last week is very beautiful.
¨ The place in which I used to live is very beautiful.
3. which 和 as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句
¨ He is easy to get angry, which is well known.
¨ He is easy to get angry, as everybody knows.
歷年考題中的定語從句和名詞性從句
1. Studies have shown ___ teenagers often suffer from depression.
[A] that [B] which [C] in which [D] in that        　Ａ
2. It is a well-known fact ___ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction.
[A] that [B] if  [C] when [D] whether      　Ａ
3. Very few people understood this contract, ___ was very obscure.  
[A] the language  [B] the language of which　     Ｂ
[C] all it said   [D] which it had said 

 
備考要訣
• 重視課文，英語一考上冊，英語二以下冊A課文為主，但是上冊課文的語法和詞匯是學(xué)習(xí)下冊的基礎(chǔ)。
• 吃透重點語法：非謂語動詞、動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、比較級、定語從句，等。
• 背單詞要講究技巧，以大綱詞匯為準，不要孤立地背單詞，以詞組為主，重視搭配；
• 加強閱讀，選擇難度適當?shù)拈喿x材料，重在訓(xùn)練閱讀技巧，提高速度和效率。

推薦材料：
1)大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程》（上下冊），高遠主編，高教出版社。
2)《大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程——自學(xué)與自測指導(dǎo)》（上下冊），高遠主編，北航出版社。
3)自考大綱
4)全國高等自學(xué)考試英語（一）和英語（二）模擬試卷與應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)》高遠主編，高等教育出版社。

結(jié)束語
Before God we are equally wise—equally foolish.  (Albert Einstein)
I. 每道題的考點
第一題：詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)
歷年試題舉例：
1. At the end of 1994 the British government introduced new measures to help ____domestic workers from abuse by their employers.   
[A] protect [B] suspect  [C] expect  [D]inspect        詞義辨析
2. I’m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting.
[A] down [B] up   [C] out   [D] over          搭配
3. By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a sound comes.
[A] in which [B] from which [C] over which [D] with which     定語從句
2. Almost everything a manager does ___ decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making.   
[A] imposes   [B] improvises  [C] involves   [D] indicates
3. American men don’t cry because it is considered not ___ of men to do so.
[A] characteristic  [B] tolerant   [C] symbolic   [D] independent
4. In every major city there are more ___ apartments than there are homeless people.
[A] blank   [B] vacant   [C] empty   [D] bare

[提示]：搭配主要涉及介詞和名詞、形容詞和介詞、動詞和名詞、形容詞和名詞等的搭配。因此學(xué)習(xí)單詞時必須掌握其固定的搭配。此外牢記大綱詞表后列出的詞組也會有很大的幫助。

1. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space ___ which matter has fallen and ___ which nothing can escape.  
[A] towards…towards   [B] into…from
[C] out of…from     [D] through…through
2. ___ conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise.
[A] into   [B] at   [C] over   [D] under
___ to form a new government.
[A] purpose  [B] reason  [C] view  [D] goal

___ to buy a pair of shoes.
[A] shoes store [B] shoe’s store [C] shoe store [D] shoes store
3. Five minutes earlier, ___ we may have caught the gunman.
[A] and   [B] but   [C] or   [D] so
4. ___ I’m supposed to work by myself, there are other people who I can interact with.
[A] If only  [B] So long as [C] Even if  [D] As far as
5. It was there, the police believe, ___ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.
[A] until    [B] which  [C] that   [D] when
6. It is not feasible to wait four days ___ the body is used to the new time zone.
[A] while   [B] after   [C] until   [D] then
7. Robots differ from automatic machines ___ after completion of one task, they can be reprogrammed to do another. 
[A] that    [B] in which  [C] when  [D] in that
8. It is becoming increasingly clear to policy-makers ___ schools cannot solve all the problems of the larger community. 
[A] that    [B] what  [C] when  [D] who
9. Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to ____ the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other.  
[A] make it possible     [B] make possible
[C] make possibly     [D] make it possibly
10. Lots of empty beer bottles were found under the young man’s bed; he ___ heavily.
[A] must have drunk     [B] must drink
[C] should drink      [D] had to drink

Key: 1. A 2. C  3. A  4. C  5. C  6. C  7. D  8. A  9. B  10. A

第二題：完型填空
[提示]：充分利用上下文提供的信息答題。
歷年試題舉例：

(1) Colter was excited, so he told  17  about the place.  18  , the other people did not believe him.
18.  [A] the other  [B] others  [C] another   [D] each other
18. [A] Then      [B] However  [C] Therefore  [D] Consequently
Key: 17. B  18. B

(2) Planning is important in almost anything you do. No matter what you are doing, taking the time to plan   11   can help you reach your goal. The purpose of insurance is   12   you plan for unexpected, costly emergencies (緊急需要).   13   the most important kind of insurance is medical insurance.
11. [A] away    [B] on    [C] ahead   [D] out
12. [A] helped   [B] to help   [C] kept    [D] to keep
13. [A] Probably   [B] Unfortunately [C] Conversely  [D] Subsequently

Key: 11. C  12. B  13. A

(3) Food in the United States is   13   , cheap, and available twenty-four hours a day, and many people not only overeat, but eat a lot of high-fat, high-calories foods that    14   weight gain.   15   , there are some people who eat anything they want and never gain weight, and studies show that obese people do not eat an excessive amount of calories. In fact, they often eat   16   than non-obese people do.   
13. [A] many   [B] much  [C] plentiful   [D] resourceful
14. [A] contribute to  [B] devote to [C] subject to  [D] distribute to
15. [A] But    [B] However  [C] Moreover  [D] Therefore
16. [A] fewer   [B] more  [C] less    [D] better 

Key: 13. C  14. A  15. B  16. C

第三題：閱讀理解 （略）
第四題：單詞拼寫
［提示］：最新試題出題思路有明顯變化，因此以下冊課文詞表為復(fù)習(xí)重點，兼顧大綱此表中的中學(xué)詞匯和上冊詞匯。

最新試題舉例
36. accompany (1A)       37. boundary (2A)
38. capture (14A)      39. decline (10A)
40. employee (4A)      41. feasible (8A)
42. heartbreaking (14A)     43. grateful
44. increasingly (6A)      45. junction (15A)
46. loyalty (10A)       47. moderate (8B)
48. overwhelming (10A)     49. nominate (10B)
50. participant (5A)      51. persistently (14A)
52. queue (14A)       53. spontaneous (5A)
54. reinforce (12B)      55. undertake (13A)

往年試題舉例
36. strike (上冊)       37. program(上冊)
38. civil (4A)       39. quality(上冊)
40. expose (6A)       41. overcome (8A)
42. vote (10A)       43. responsible(上冊)
44. content (15A)      45. interview (1B)
46. failure(上冊)       47. economy(上冊)
48. logical(上冊)       49. undergo (11A)
50. nervous(上冊)      51. abandon(上冊)
52. remain（中學(xué)）      53. promote (8A)
54. detail (12A)       55. hobby(上冊)

第五題：詞形填空題
[提示]：此部分主要包括謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞比較級和詞性變化四部分。謂語動詞和非謂語動詞詳見重點語法，因此此處主要涉及形容詞比較級和詞性變化。

歷年試題舉例
形容詞比較級和最高級
1.The more stress you are under, the ___ (likely) you are to catch a cold. 
2. The ___ (far) away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes.
3.We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the ____ (old) its population is likely to be.
4. As Jane was the ____ (old), she looked after the other children in the family.
 
Key: 1. more likely  2. farther  3. older  4. oldest

詞性轉(zhuǎn)化
1. These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is  ____ (specialize) in its function. 
2.The continuing professional education of ____ (high) educated adults will become a third level in addition to undergraduate and professional or graduate work.
3.The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a ____ (trick) situation.
4.We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere ____ (appreciate) of your help.

Key: 1. special   2. highly  3. tricky  4. appreciation

第六題：漢譯英
[提示]：此部分主要涉及虛擬語氣、強調(diào)句、倒裝句、定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句、形式主語等語法現(xiàn)象和一些固定表達式。

最新試題舉例
68．一個具有文學(xué)藝術(shù)欣賞力的人能勝任這項工作。
A person with appreciation of art and literature is qualified for the job.
選自下冊第9單元A課文后Word Study中appreciation的一個例句。主要考查定語從句和be qualified for 的用法。

69．隨著研究技術(shù)變得更加先進，用于實驗的動物數(shù)量將會大大減少。
As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used in experiments will greatly decrease.
選自下冊第11單元A課文最后一段的第一句話。主要考查as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“隨著”。

70．那位生物學(xué)家相信某些動物物種正受到滅絕的威脅。
The biologist is convinced/ believes that some animal species are faced with the danger of extinction. 
根據(jù)下冊第14單元A課文后的翻譯練習(xí)中的第6題有所改動。原話為“他相信某些植物物種正受到滅絕的威脅。”

歷年試題舉例
1． 直到最近我才意識到語言與文化密切相關(guān)。
2. 我們匆匆忙忙地趕回學(xué)校，生怕天會下雨。
3. 這些問題沒有迅速解決是湯姆的過錯。
4. 他的膚色與他是否是個好教授沒有關(guān)系。
5. 無論他怎么說，我也不相信他。

Key:
1. Not until recently did I realize that language and culture are closely related to each other.  (倒裝句)
2. We hurried to the school lest it should rain.   （lest后接動詞原形的虛擬語氣）
3. It’s Tom’s fault that these questions are not solved rapidly. （形式主語）
4. The color of his skin is irrelevant to whether he is a good professor or not. （whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句）
5. Whatever he says, I won’t believe him.  （讓步狀語從句）

第七題：英譯漢 （略）

II. 重點語法復(fù)習(xí)

歷年考題中的動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)
1. Much of the carbon in the earth ___ (come) from things that once lived.
2. In the past two decades, research ___ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.
3. Some proverbs ___ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.
4. ___ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.
5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ___ (begin) in the 19302.
6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ___ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.
7. So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.  
8. The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there.
9. The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.
10. All the worries they might have felt for him ___ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face. 

歷年考題中的非謂語動詞
1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ___ (do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance. 
2. Anyone ___(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.
3. It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes ___ (control) his direction.
4. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals ___ (use) in experiments may decrease.
5. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things ___ (be) equal, they would prefer single to shared rooms.
6. This poem, if ___ (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense.
7. They may have their passports _____ (remove), making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible.
8. Her body, with hands and feet ____ (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the morning.
9. I couldn’t help but ___ (feel) this is a very strange life.
10. Let us consider the earth as a planet ____ (revolve) round the sun.

Key:
1. doing  動名詞做enjoy的賓語  
2. wanting 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 
3. to control 動詞不定式作目的狀語 
4. used  過去分詞作定語  
5. being  現(xiàn)在分詞用在獨立結(jié)構(gòu)中
6. translated 連詞加過去分詞作狀語 
7. removed 過去分詞作賓補
8. bound 過去分詞用在獨立結(jié)構(gòu)中
9. feel  couldn’t help but 后接動詞原形
10. revolving 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

歷年考題中的虛擬語氣
1. If it hadn’t been for your help, we ___ (be) in real trouble. He would have given you more help, if he ___ (not be) so busy.
3. It is high time that we ___ (take) firm measures to protect our environment.
4. It was imperative that students ___ (finish) their papers before July 1st.
5. They demanded that the right to vote ___ (give) to every adult person. I would rather he ____ ( buy) the house next year.  The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we ___ (meet) them before.
9. Should she come tomorrow, I ___ take her to the museum.  
[A] can    [B] will   [C] would    [D] must
10. If we ___ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.
[A] hadn’t got  [B] didn’t get [C] wouldn’t have got [D] wouldn’t get

Key:
1. would have been 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句
2.had not been 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的從句
3. took  It is high time +過去式的虛擬形式
4.should finish/finish  It was imperative that+動詞原形的虛擬形式
5. be given  demand所接賓語從句用動詞原形的虛擬形式
6. should have received 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句，表示“本應(yīng)該收到”而實際上沒有。
7. bought would rather后接賓語從句，從句用過去式表示虛擬語氣。
8. had met  as if 所引導(dǎo)的從句用過去完成式表示虛擬語氣。
9. C 與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句。
10. A 從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，但本身已經(jīng)是現(xiàn)在完成時（從by now可以看出），所以變?yōu)檫^去完成時。

歷年考題中的定語從句和名詞性從句
1. Studies have shown ___ teenagers often suffer from depression.
[A] that    [B] which  [C] in which  [D] in that
2. It is a well-known fact ___ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction.
[A] that    [B] if   [C] when  [D] whether
3. On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order ____ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices.   
[A] which    [B] what   [C] that   [D] in that 
4. It is not yet known ____ computers  will one day have vision as good as human vision.
[A] whether   [B] if   [C] that   [D] how
5. Such attitudes amount to a belief ___ leisure can and should be put to good use. 
[A] which   [B] if   [C] whether  [D] that
6. The reason for making a decision is ___ a problem exists, goals are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.   
[A] why    [B] because  [C] where  [D] that
7. ___ developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression.
[A] What   [B] Whether  [C] That   [D] Which
8. Very few people understood this contract, ___ was very obscure. 
[A] the language      [B] the language of which
[C] all it said       [D] which it had said 
9. Often music was played out of doors, ___ nature provided the environment.
[A] which   [B] that   [C] in which  [D] where
10. Many of us visited the industrial exhibition, ____, to our disappointment, we saw very few high-tech products.    
[A] where   [B] which  [C] as   [D] that

Key:
1. A that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句
2. A that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句
3. C that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句
4. A it為形式主語，whether引導(dǎo)真正的主語從句
5. D that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句
6. D that 引導(dǎo)表語從句
7. A what 引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在主語從句中做主語
8. B the language of which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，并在定語從句中做主語
9. D where引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，并在定語從句中作地點狀語
10. A  where引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，并在定語從句中作地點狀語